二抗是在其它宿主體內(nèi)制備的能與一抗或一抗片段結(jié)合的抗體,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)需求,二抗上通常連有酶或熒光素等標(biāo)簽。由于二抗所具備的優(yōu)點(diǎn)使得其在免疫學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中得以廣泛應(yīng)用,如WB/ELISA/IHC/IP等。二抗針對(duì)某一特定物種的所有抗體均具有特異性,因而使用特定標(biāo)記的二抗可以免去對(duì)每一個(gè)一抗進(jìn)行標(biāo)記,大大節(jié)省了時(shí)間和費(fèi)用;此外,一個(gè)一抗分子可以同時(shí)結(jié)合幾個(gè)二抗分子,從而使信號(hào)大大增強(qiáng),提高了實(shí)驗(yàn)靈敏度。
二抗,廣義上是指專門和一抗進(jìn)行特異性反應(yīng)和結(jié)合的抗體。檢測任何目的靶蛋白都有不止一種抗體可供選擇,同樣的,在選擇二抗的時(shí)候要綜合考慮一抗的類型及后繼檢測方案的要求,一般來說,選擇合適的二抗需要從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮:
1.一抗的種屬來源
根據(jù)一抗的物種來源選擇相應(yīng)的抗該物種的二抗。例如:一抗是小鼠源的單克隆抗體,二抗則選抗小鼠的二抗(山羊抗小鼠或兔抗小鼠等)。
2.一抗的類別亞型
二抗需與一抗的類別或亞類相匹配。這通常是針對(duì)單克隆抗體而言。多克隆抗體主要是IgG類免疫球蛋白,因此相應(yīng)的二抗就是抗IgG抗體。單克隆抗體的類別及亞型通常會(huì)在產(chǎn)品說明書中有描述,如果一抗是小鼠IgM,那么相應(yīng)的二抗就應(yīng)當(dāng)是抗IgM。如果單克隆一抗是小鼠IgG的某一亞型(IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3),那么幾乎所有的抗小鼠IgG都可以與之結(jié)合,或者你也可以選擇專門針對(duì)這一亞型的二抗。此種抗體在雙標(biāo)記實(shí)驗(yàn)中尤其合適。
3.二抗的偶聯(lián)標(biāo)記
一般來講,偶聯(lián)到二抗上的探針主要有酶(辣根過氧化酶HRP)、熒光基團(tuán)、生物素、金顆粒等。選用哪種探針的二抗主要取決于具體的實(shí)驗(yàn)。WB、ELISA和IHC常用的二抗通常是酶標(biāo)二抗(部分熒光WB需選用遠(yuǎn)紅外波長熒光蛋白標(biāo)記的熒光二抗),而免疫熒光、流式等實(shí)驗(yàn)中通常使用熒光基團(tuán)標(biāo)記的二抗,而金顆粒標(biāo)記的二抗則更多的應(yīng)用于免疫電鏡中。 還有一些需要更大程度地放大信號(hào)的免疫實(shí)驗(yàn)中,二抗則可以選擇biotin/avidin體系的二抗或無偶聯(lián)標(biāo)記的二抗(再用三抗放大)。
國產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)品牌愛必信為您提供全種類的高品質(zhì)二抗供您選擇,高品質(zhì)的抗體可以使您的實(shí)驗(yàn)更省時(shí)省力的取得真實(shí)的結(jié)果,優(yōu)質(zhì)國產(chǎn)品牌愛必信,滿足您的對(duì)高品質(zhì)抗體的需求。具體產(chǎn)品可點(diǎn)擊:
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